Substantive Justice in Simple Lawsuit Rullings on Sharia Contracts at Magetan Religious Court

Baiq Dewi Chandrawulan

doi:10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i4.3824

Authors

Baiq Dewi Chandrawulan Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i4.3824

Keywords:

DSN-MUI Fatwa, Substantive Justice, Small Claims Court, Murabahah Contract, Religious Courts

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the pattern of legal reasoning by a single judge in simplified lawsuit rulings designed to realize the principles of speed, simplicity, and low cost in the field of Islamic economics at the Magetan Religious Court, as well as their implications for substantive justice. This study employs a socio-legal approach, utilizing primary data consisting of 21 simple lawsuit rulings on breaches of Islamic economic contracts at the Magetan Religious Court from 2024 to 2026. The Analysis was conducted qualitatively using Jasser Auda’s maqashid al-sharia framework and Gustav Radbruchs’s three legal values (certainty, justice, and utility). The research findings indicate: (1) murabahah contracts dominate the dispute (19 out of 21 rulings) because their financing amounts fall within the threshold fol simple lawsuits; (2) there is a highly uniform pattern of legal reasoning (95.24% of rulings use identical legal constuctions) as a pragmatic response to time constraints and the standardization of ruling templates; (3) not a single ruling cited the DSN-MUI fatwa as a source of law, even though such fatwas serve as lex specialis for a sharia contract. The absense of fatwa reference reflects that murabahah contracts and sharia deposits have been simplified into ordinary creditor-debtor relationships, thereby sacrificing contractual justice for the sake of procedural effeciency. This study recommends the need for technical guidelines that integrate DSN-MUI fatwas into judges’ deliberations, as well as the strengthening of judges’ expertise in the field of contemporary muamalah fiqh.

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