Azlan Ihza Agustian, Andi Prastowo, & Saripudin. (2026). The Concept of Education in Ibn Khaldun’s Thought and Its Implications for Today’s Islamic Education. Al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies, 9(2), 1440–1451. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3230